The Indus Valley civilization, one of the oldest in the world and dating back at least 5,000 years. The Mughal Empire flourished in the 16th and 17th centuries; the British came to dominate the region in the 18th century. The separation in 1947 of British India into the Muslim state of Pakistan. The word "pak" means "pure" in Persian or Pashto, while the Persian suffix "-stan" means "place of" or "country," so the word Pakistan literally means "Land of the pure". Country name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Total area: 796,095 sq km. land: 770,875 sq km, Water: 25,220 sq km . Agricultural land: 35.2% ; arable land 27.6%; permanent crops 1.1%; permanent pasture 6.5% ; forest: 2.1% ; other: 62.7%. Ethnic groups: Punjabi 44.68%, Pashtun (Pathan) 15.42%, Sindhi 14.1%, Sariaki 8.38%, Muhajirs 7.57%, Balochi 3.57%, other 6.28%. Religions: Muslims 96.4% (Sunni 85-90%, Shia 10-15%), other (includes Christian and Hindu) 3.6% (2010 est.) Pakistan, a land that is often related to the subjects of terrorism, crime, and violence, and all that lead to dark. It is a source, transit, and destination country for men, women, and children. The largest human problem is bonded labor in agriculture, brickmaking, fishing, mining and carpet-making. Children are bought, sold, rented, and placed in forced begging rings, domestic service, small shops, brick kilns or prostitution. Militant groups also force children to spy, fight, or die as suicide bombers, women and girls are alo forced into prositution marriages.